Thursday, December 24, 2020

Shooting of Andre Hill-The Need to Go Further in Positive Reform

Andre Hill, another Black man shot, raises the spectrum of debate as people grasp the nature of justice and policing. There are no easy answers as we grapple with the wider ramifications of decades/centuries of discrimination and its long lasting impact on our society. Another life is lost, another officer is fired, and trust of American institutions decline. We are struggling with finding a path forward and without new leaders and ideas we are unlikely to solve these big problems anytime soon. 

First, let me say that people have value and all people are entitled to universal justice. While I have never found a perfect person, and some a lot less perfect than others, there is a sense of inherent worth in each of us. It doesn't matter what race, religion, education attainment, income level or any other heuristic criteria we use to judge one other. It is not our place to use our skewed sense of being to judge anyone with the first thought that comes to mind.

At the same time, policing is not an easy job and officers put themselves at risk everyday to do the right thing and protect their communities from harm. I have seen officers step up against hate and bigotry in their communities and know first hand the positive influence they can have on their communities. Likewise, I am also aware of how an officer can engage in alleged criminal activity with what appears to be immunity. 

We also know there are risks and jumpiness when officers respond to situations outside their comfort zones. The mental state of the officer and how they interpret and understand the situation and their unconscious bias can have a big impact on choice (i.e. Choice Theory). Make the wrong choice by jumping too quickly and we have another situation the undermines public trust; a family loses a member. :(

We must begin the process of reform that helps officers become more effective in their jobs while supporting them while they struggle with issues that impact their sense of identity. Police are an important part of our society and connecting them closer to the community they serve and providing for more support before problems before they rise is helpful. That support can be mental health and/or removal/reassignment until they are ready to serve again (or never again). 

In many ways I feel we are limiting our capacity to compete on the global market and at the same time engage 50% of our society that do not feel as though they are part of a greater national purpose. Our leaders are trying but they simply never walked in another's shoes long enough to deeply understand the multifaceted ways of viewing and solving problems. Bi-partisan support to make our country a leader among nations is needed to continue on with our national development. While our enemy's watch afar as we tear ourselves apart and we rehash the same worn out solutions from a familiar thinking political class. 

I'm working toward climbing Mount Everest (Lots of training and steps to even Base Camp 1 so I will let fate be where it lays) in hopes of raising awareness of universal justice. Something I have been doing before BLM movement. Discrimination is something I have fought against, researched and experienced at multiple times within my life. There is a path forward but I don't think we have the foresight and will to grasp a better tomorrow by making the choices we need today. 



Developing Rural Pandemic Plans for U.P. Counties-Example of Annotate Bibliography

The Federal Government through FEMA, Homeland Security, and CDC helps us to better understand how to manage and handle a pandemic. Most of the information focuses on healthcare professionals and security but doesn't seem to provide significant detail on how manage the social and economic aspects of rural communities. While health is an important concern one has to wonder if counties can better integrate this knowledge for stronger county plans that take into specifically the needs of counties/communities in the U.P. of Michigan. 

Consider that plans are a method of coordinating local, state, and federal resources in a way that leads to maximum benefit for people within the community. Because places in the U.P. like Delta County are nestled within rugged rural terrain it can at times limit pandemic response (the various forms thereof) that can be easily overwhelmed, we should consider a broader pandemic plan that incorporates the often neglected social and economic aspects to effective county response.

Guidance from the National Governor's Association and CDC:

There is additional guidance from the National Governors Association that helps states deal with pandemics. Some of these ideas could be adjusted and applied to county governments to prepare to deal with pandemics by coordinating resources for fast and effective response. "A pandemic will force many key decisions to be made in a dynamic environment of shifting events, and partnerships must be built now and tested to ensure appropriate and rapid action." (National Governor's Association, 2006).  

Some of the the National Governor's Association advice include....

1. Committee on Preparedness.
2. Communication and Education.
3. Goods and Services.
4. State and Legal Aspects.
5 Perform Training.

Rural America has its own challenges that range from larger percentage of elder population and limited first responder capacity. They also have some advantages such as easier to social distance, local resources, and create community coordination. Because of the isolation of many U.P. communities they may need the help of other factors in society that can include things like volunteer organizations, communications strategies, temporary ICU locations, a 2 week surplus on key supplies in local stores, availability of remoted work/school broadband technologies, or even open air building ordinances. There are many different ways in which we can improve our community's response.

The Centers of Disease Control they provide the following advice, 

"Network and collaborate with healthcare providers and others (e.g., health departments in other jurisdictions, pharmacists, nutritionists, community health workers, educators, counselors, businesses, and advocacy, community, labor, and faith-based organizations)." (CDC, 2020).

While the CDC is a primary authority they are somewhat limited by their philosophical emphasis on medical aspects of pandemic minimization (It is their job to focus on thee aspects). Full preparedness means thinking about all of the different ways the pandemic virus impacts us. That means we can think about it from a social, economic and health aspect to minimize its impact. As we reorient our businesses and activities to a post-Covid world that is likely to be focused on the health of our environment there will be changes in things like construct to allow for open air seating. 

Annotated Bibliography Examples:

To better understand how to improve up on existing plans you will want to complete your background review of the current literature. An annotated bibliography isn't about just offering the reference but a little description of what each of the articles contains. For those who engage in deep research that requires categorization and organization of significant key research the annotated bibliography is important. You may want to see how it is written in APA format HERE. 

O'Sullivan, B., Leader, J., Couch, D., & Purnell, J. (2020). Rural Pandemic Preparedness: The Risk, Resilience and Response Required of Primary Healthcare: Risk management and healthcare policy, 13, 1187–1194. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S265610

The publication focuses on how to maximize and protect healthcare workers. "Response consists of rural PHC teams adopting new preventative clinics, screening and ambulatory models to protect health workers from exposure whilst maximizing population screening and continuity of healthcare for vulnerable groups." (You can add as much or as little as you feel is necessary to create a description. I would think along the lines of 1-2 short paragraphs).


Hansen, J.A., Lory, G.L. Rural Victimization and Policing during the COVID-19 Pandemic Am J Crim Just 45, 731–742 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09554-0

The research discusses how access to victim services can be limited in rural environments and offers some guidance. "Access to victims’ services has been a longstanding issue in rural communities, but has become more difficult due to stay-at-home orders and changes in daily activities." The study may help understand strategies on how to reach victims in rural places like the U.P. (You can add as much or as little as you feel is necessary to create a description. I would think along the lines of 1-2 short paragraphs).

Qing Miao, Susan Schwarz, Gary Schwarz (2021). Responding to COVID-19: Community volunteerism and coproduction in China. World Development, Volume 137, 105128. ISSN 0305-750X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105128.

The research is located in China but still can give some insight on how to use community volunteers. More search on US examples needed. Delta County has a lot of volunteer resources and a tight community that can help in organizing responses. "Our research examines the crucial role of community volunteers and their effective deployment during a crisis." (You can add as much or as little as you feel is necessary to create a description. I would think along the lines of 1-2 short paragraphs).

Tim, Y., Cui, L., & Sheng, Z. (2020). Digital resilience: How rural communities leapfrogged into sustainable development. Information Systems Journal. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/isj.12312

The publication discusses three methods of creating digital resilience and how to minimize impact. Additional research on how to encourage economic resilience when/if pandemics hit by helping local small business is helpful. "Digital social innovation (DSI)—the novel use of digital technology to address societal challenges—plays a critical role in our collective pursuit of sustainable development." (You can add as much or as little as you feel is necessary to create a description. I would think along the lines of 1-2 short paragraphs).

Keep going with your search here...

Organizing and Narrowing Your Annotated Bibliography

New research is coming out in real time due to the uniqueness of the pandemic. Older research on previous pandemics may be helpful but for the most part you want to stay within the last year or so to truly understand modern medicine and methods of responding. In addition, you will also want to narrow your search to rural communities first and then when you have exhausted those resources move into broader responses. The closer you can match your research to, in this example Delta County, the more relevant it will be. 

Breaking your search up into categories is important for organizing and creating themes within your paper (i.e. dissertation paper). From what I see I would use the social, economic, and health benefits because I like to study innovation and clusters. However you might want to use something else that relates specifically to the research question you propose (i.e. R1, R2, etc...). For example if you were focused only on physical resources you might break them down into categories of where they are and where they can be procured. 

Possible Plan Characteristics to Look for in the Literature:

Because I would use social, economic and health there are some things from our broad knowledge that would make sense to keep an eye out for while searching. It should also be noted that while I used public open access research, in a true study I would also look at private university libraries that are not open access. 

Social
-Volunteer organization
-Walkable neighborhoods
-Socially distanced event activities
-Communication strategies
-Outdoor activities
-Etc.

Economic
-Open air conversion designs of business buildings
-Using alleys and sidewalks for businesses and dining
-Business pick up windows
-Business mini-Malls where small business can still function
-Selling local products in local grocery stores
-Coordination of business groups
-New investment opportunities.

Health

-Safety check
-Hospital capacity
-Spill over emergency capacity (i.e. gyms)
-New business safety protocol
-First responder training and safety.
-Etc.

As in the case of Delta County Michigan it is helpful to think about what focus (categories) would have the most use in helping local communities develop adequate plans to overcome pandemic problems. From a macro standpoint that could have an impact on the success or failure of a nation to minimize the impact of such problems and use such times of adversity as opportunities to adapt and improve. For example, we could develop our digital infrastructure while improving our advanced manufacturing capabilities in a way that leads to increased investment and GDP growth. Nationally we are still focused on solving problems post hoc and have not yet focused on finding lasting solutions to national decline in a way that powers up multiple large sectors of society for innovative growth. We may need to take a wider look at where the problems seem to lay and solve them on a local level to push our national policies into a competitive mindset through the concept of Federalism.

A couple of ideas on how to improve Delta County's Economy Post Covid

Attracting SME Adventure-Venture Capitalism to Delta County (Escanaba & Gladstone) Through Neuroeconomics

Delta County Great Lakes Shipping Infrastructure-Opportunities for National Exports!


Wednesday, December 23, 2020

Photos of "Old World" Louisville KY

 When we look at the beauty of these buildings it reminds some of the wealth of the industrial area. The buildings that were built are breathtaking and have a European flair to them. 











Monday, December 21, 2020

Rock Climbing into the Cave's Mouth-Allegory of the Cave

The morning air whipped cool and a muddy trail made hiking somewhat more challenging than expected. A few days earlier I found a cliff face that stretches as far as one can see just off the trail and up the hill. Most people probably would miss it if they were not actively looking for contour changes of the tree canvas. With my backpack loaded with ropes, harness, and grigri I marched upwards until I was abruptly halted by a wall of rock. 


Life is a little like a cliff face that blazes a trail through the forest for miles. While the rocks may seem insurmountable it is still up to you to decide how to deal with difficulty. Some with throw their hands up in frustration and stomp back home, others will run head first without thinking right into their peril, and a small few will find their way up, over, and around challenges. Your strategy is often based on how you view yourself and life quit, muscle it, or finesse a solution.  It takes time and patience to walk the ridge and find spots that will allow you to climb safely. While you maneuver along the rock crevices to find your entry strategy you may get smacked in the face by branches and scraped raw by razor sharp thorns. 

Ok...sorry...enough with the similes! The point is that each of us has to decide how we want to deal with difficulties. Today...I was just trying to find a place to climb. Maybe someday I will try and climb Everest but I have a long way to go yet in training and abilities. Much more effort is needed on putting myself in lower oxygen levels. I will be heading to Colorado in about a month or so. I would like to raise awareness for a concept called "universal" justice where Americans are treated with a universal value system that seeks to foster a better society.


If your interested in Philosophy you might want to read Plato's Allegory of the Cave



Congressman Bergman Votes in Favor of Covid Relief and Appropriation Bill FY21 that Impact the U.P.

It is important for people to stay informed about happenings in the Michigan's 1st District of the U.P. Particularly you may be interested in the FYI Appropriations. The actual document is HERE. Lots and lots of details so you might need to take your time. 

A little about Congressman Berman if you want to know more. HERE No matter which political party you adhere (or none at all) you want to know who is representing you and what they believe. The quality of a person is based deeply in their character. Our nation needs wise leaders from both parties and that requires loyalties to certain fundamental American beliefs. 

The following was taken from his press release and provides some highlights.....

Bergman Votes In Favor of COVID Relief, Appropriations Bills 
Washington - Today, a deal was reached between the House, Senate, and White House on a COVID package and appropriations bills. Rep. Bergman voted in favor of the legislative package to avoid a government shutdown, provide additional coronavirus relief to American families, and secure major wins for Michigan's First District and the State of Michigan as a whole. 

"Workers and small businesses across the First District are at a breaking point after 10 months of restrictions from the state and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. I'm pleased that critical PPP and EIDL funding and tax provisions are part of this legislation as businesses across our district face unprecedented pressure, especially during the holiday season.

"Additionally, the appropriations package passed tonight contains historic wins for the First District of Michigan which I advocated for, including: $732 million for rural broadband, $12 million for Exercise Northern Strike, $123 million for the new Soo Locks project, a
nd millions for local water infrastructure projects.”

Bergman also added, “While I supported this deal to bring targeted coronavirus relief to Michigan families, I am disappointed in the continued dysfunction in Washington. This type of legislating is irresponsible and a reckless approach to federal budgeting; but with the options presented tonight, I am supporting the workers and small businesses across the District who have been in dire straits since March.”

Topline details on the COVID relief deal:

  • $600 Economic Impact Payments per person;
  • $284.5 billion to reopen and strengthen the PPP for first time and second time borrowers;
  • $20 billion to restart and extend the SBA’s EIDL Advance Grant for small businesses in low income communities;
  • Deductibility for forgiven PPP and EIDL funds;
  • Develops a process for a small business to receive a second PPP if the small business has less than 300 employees and can demonstrate a revenue reduction of 25 percent;
  • Creates a simplified one-page PPP loan forgiveness application for loans under $150,000;
  • Creates a process for existing EIDL Advance grantees that received less than $10,000 dollars to reapply for the difference between what they received and the maximum EIDL Advance Grant of $10,000 dollars;
  • Extends paid sick and family leave provisions;
  • $300 per week unemployment from December 26, 2020 to March 14, 2021;
  • $20 billion for purchase of vaccines that will make the vaccine available at no charge for anyone who needs it;
  • $8 billion for vaccine distribution;
  • $20 billion to assist states with testing;
  • $10 billion for grants to childcare centers to help providers safely reopen;
  • $4 billion for substance abuse; and
  • $82 billion in funding for schools and universities to assist with reopening for in-person learning.

First District Priorities and other topline details of the FY21 Appropriations package include:

  • $123.22 million for continued construction of the new Soo Locks project;
  • $12 million for Exercise Northern Strike;
  • $330 million for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative;
  • $732 million for rural broadband;
  • $1.68 billion for Corps of Engineers Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund activities;
  • $4 million for survey and design of a Great Lakes Ice Breaker and continues funding the Great Lakes Icebreaker Program Office;
  • $94.26 million for the Forest Legacy program in the U.S. Forest Service;
  • $142 million for the Essential Air Service (EAS) to ensure continued air service to rural communities;
  • Maintains all pro-life protections;
  • Language urging the Fish and Wildlife Service to bring relief to Great Lakes fisheries by finalizing rulemaking for management of the double-crested cormorant;
  • Full funding for Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) for fiscal year 2021;
  • Prioritizes national security and continues to rebuild our military;
  • 3% pay raise for our military servicemembers;
  • Funding for continued border wall construction;
  • Increases funding for the Department of Justice and preserving federal grant programs that bolster state and local efforts to keep our communities safe;
  • Provides funding for the FEMA Disaster Relief Fund to continue assistance and response to disasters affecting communities;
  • Provides Coast Guard with increased funding for investments in personnel and air and marine assets;
  • Furthers the federal commitment to meet trust and treaty obligations to Indian Tribes by providing $359 million above the currently enacted level - the largest increase in the bill; and
  • Maintains longstanding Second Amendment protections.
As more information becomes available, please stay up to date by visiting bergman.house.gov/coronavirus-help/

Saturday, December 19, 2020

Michigan Becoming a Leader in Business Development

Business seems to be pushing in as a leader in new business formation. This is good news if we find that those who were laid off from business have decided they would love to state a business and grow. Starting new business in a Pandemic may not be ideal but the one's that will succeed will also push for increase hiring a few years down the road. Small business are often known to grow fast once they are able to get through their break out stages. 

We could foster these business start ups to give the young generation the best chance at future success by developing economic clusters so they may innovate off of each other.

In Michigan we have a 61% increase in new business applications in 2020 when compared to 2, 3, & 4 % average in the state over the last decade. 






If you look at the nation as a whole you will find an increase in 38% new business applications when compared to 5,6,7% ish range over the past decade. 



National Source



Which Nations are Likely to Succeed in the Post-Pandemic Digital Economy?

Which nations are likely to succeed in the new digital economy? The Harvard Business Review published an excellent article entitled Which Economies Showed the Most Digital Progress in 2020? that discusses how certain companies are adapting. What the study finds is that the U.S. is a Stand Out economy and China is a Break Out economy. What it also indicates is that China is adapting faster than the U.S. and we have not yet built our data infrastructure for innovative manufacturing and increased GDP advantages of the Information Age. This is also likely why we were hit hard by foreign espionage as our systems are better than most but our infrastructure isn't ready to capitalize on the new technology era leaving our younger generations at a competitive disadvantage.

You can see a few differences between Stand Out and Break Out

Stand Out
  1. Expanding adoption of digital consumer tools (e-commerce, digital payments, entertainment, etc.)
  2. Attracting, training, and retaining digital talent
  3. Fostering digital entrepreneurial ventures
  4. Providing fast, universal, terrestrial (e.g. fiber optics) and mobile broadband internet access
  5. Specializing in the export of digital goods, services, or media
  6. Coordinating innovation between universities, businesses, and digital authorities
Break Out
  1. Improving mobile internet access, affordability, and quality to foster more widespread adoption
  2. Strengthening institutional environments and developing digital regulations
  3. Generating investment in digital enterprises, funding digital R&D, training digital talent, and leveraging digital applications to create jobs
  4. Taking steps to reduce inequities in access to digital tools across gender, class, ethnicity, and geographic boundaries (though many access gaps still remain).
I have been working on a theory for like 8 years that discusses the digital economy and transactional clusters. It probably isn't worth that much to anyone but we do need to sort of think along the lines of new paradigms in economic development and growth. You can read more about the working paper HERE

Chakravorti, B, Bhalla, A. & Chaturvedi, R. (December 18th, 2020). Which Economies Showed the Most Digital Progress in 2020? Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/12/which-economies-showed-the-most-digital-progress-in-2020



Charlestown State Park Pictures

 





Wednesday, December 16, 2020

Bi-Partisan COVID Bill Part of Re-Norming Our Nation's Leaders

The U.S. is a democracy and each person can cast a vote. However, their votes and voices are often drowned out by special interest groups and political influence. Our nation is at a point in its history where it must decide between two futures that will have a great impact on our lives as we know it. Nothing stays the same forever and success and failure is highly depending on our ability to compromise and work together as a single people with a shared sense of purpose. Any organization, whether on a corporate or a national level, we cannot avoid moving through the stages of change.  

New Political Norms Forming:

According to the 1965 paper by  entitled Developmental Sequence in Small Groups go through stages of forming, storming, norming and performing. Later Dr. Tucker added  dissolution/adjourning to his findings. We have come through an era of hyper politics and the pendulum swings a little more in the direction of bi-partisanship as people ponder the best path forward. National leadership must start working together to solve problems or otherwise face increased risks in ineffective legislation and dysfunctional engagement that could lead to national decline. It would be great if we re-norm and OUT-perform.

Senator Mitch McConnel States, "It is time for Republicans and Democrats in the Senate and House to find consensus on COVID relief before the holidays. We hope our Democrat counterparts share our sense of urgency."(DeMarche, Dec. 2014, para 2).  From the language and tone perspective you can see he is seeking a more collaborative approach and encouraging the other party to engage as well. You may also gain a hint that the speaker is aware of the significance of not being part of a package deal.

Language influences how we frame our arguments (combative or collaborative) and creates a perspective that influence national discussions. With more collaborative mannerisms you will also find encourage more problem solving networks versus those that lead to increase combativeness (Focus on connecting versus disconnecting ideas). You can learn a little more about this in the article "Neuroscience and Collaboration: Understanding the Brain for Better People Management" (Gordon, 2017). 

Power in Proposals:

We cannot ponder the changes unless we first propose them. After they are proposed we go through a serious of compromises or rejections. A proposal will of course not be accepted if they are narrowly focused on the needs of a single sect of supporters. Thus, we must work together so as to select and own our collective fate; whether good or bad. The power of proposals can be used as a first to propose influence that leads the conversation and focuses more as a governing power on solving problems. One may also find that their popularity rises during a time of change as bi-partisan and well thought out proposals have a higher rate of success that leads to re-election.

Power can come from proposals! Consider a study entitled The Power of Compromise. Proposal Power, Partisanship, and Public Support in International Bargaining. The study comes to some interesting conclusions, " the author finds attitudes toward compromise are conditioned by the ideology of the audience and leader"(). The study compares reactions and approval ratings based on certain leadership behaviors. I wouldn't worry about which political party so much as the concept of how society is will to reward those who propose and compromise.

 The author states, "Drawing on theories of individuals’ core values, psychological processes, and partisanship, the author argues that leaders reduce or eliminate domestic public constraints by exercising proposal power and initiating compromises." (Brutger, 2020, para 1).

We are living in a complex world and its going to be increasingly so as the pandemic highlights our weaknesses We are also struggling with finding a viable future for ourselves and our nation that will likely have a significant impact on the success of the next generation. Success will require a different set of skills then what might have been needed in the past to secure national dominance. Yet in an era where technology is rapidly changing and nations must earn their spot they must find better solutions than others (Why diversity of thought is important). Success will depend in part on adaptive forming, storming, norming, performing and hopefully not adjourning (That depends on finding a renewed sense of commitment to our core national mission and settlement on how to achieve it) stages. 

Brutger, R. (2020). The Power of Compromise: Proposal Power, Partisanship, and Public Support in International Bargaining. World Politics, 1-39. doi:10.1017/S0043887120000192

DeMarche, E. (December 14th, 2020). Top Republicans seek COVID-19 relief before holidays. Fox News. para 2. Retrieved https://www.foxnews.com/politics/top-republicans-seek-covid-19-relief-before-holidays

Gordon, K. ( May 13th, 2017). Neuroscience and Collaboration: Understanding the Brain for Better People Management. CEO Magazine. Retrieved  http://media.the-ceo-magazine.com/guest/neuroscience-and-collaboration-understanding-brain-better-people-management

Tuckman, B. (1965). Developmental Sequence in Small Groups. Psychological bulletin, 63, 384-99 .

How Hate Continues on in the Form of Microaggressions?

The whole point of writing about hate and justice is to give people a proper perspective of what its like to be a target of hate based behaviors and in turn how to eradicate these beliefs that hold us back from fulfilling our national destiny. We must choose to be a single society or to be multiple factions within the same society through the way we interact with others. It doesn't take much for people to move hate from its unacceptable form to its more acceptable forms of microaggressions that can further erode the concept of "togetherness" in society.

In other words, its that subtle form of hate that lingers on in the framework of society leading to further divisions among people who could have long ago forgot their differences. Bigotry is embedded into the language and social structure that pushes our society to be separate. The changes of tone, civility, and under the radar comments all contribute to in-out group dynamics and Us vs. Them mentalities. Just like dealing with passive-aggressive behaviors it is difficult to deal and not easy to confront for fear you could be misjudging.

Let me give you an example of how microaggressions are played out in the course of everyday life and business affairs. You are halfway through a sentence discussing a common house issue with a person who provides such services and they groan and hang up the phone. Yikes! That was odd....was it an accident or was it intentional? While they did eventually call back it didn't seem like a total accident. By the time you actually figure it was intentional rudeness its long after the conversation has ended and no longer easy to directly address.

The way we talk to each other and the way we use our language makes a huge difference in how we perceive and set up the structures of society. The subtle use of language to project hate is called microaggressions. Microaggressions are designed to impact the target and are not always conscious but yet play a big part of creating hostile environments. It is an indication of beliefs and method of interacting with people you see as a "foe" when compared to those you see as "friend".

It is helpful to have a definition of such behaviors, "Microaggressions are defined as the everyday, subtle, intentional — and oftentimes unintentional — interactions or behaviors that communicate some sort of bias toward historically marginalized groups." (1) I'm not sure why the definition says "historically" as it could be toward any group but the main point seems to be aggression embedded in everyday language and is focused on groups or people seen as "outsiders".

You may want to read something a little more scientific about how they work in a study in the study he What, the Why, and the How: A Review of Racial Microaggressions Research in Psychology (Wong, et. al. 2014). I applaud researchers like this because they are highlighting issues that reverberate throughout our economic system and the choices and beliefs people make. These are the poor behaviors that are there if you know what you are looking for and research helps bring them forward so they can be recognized and someday addressed.

It should be understood that the group has been intentionally snubbing the target and this may have lead to other more serious problems in the community. Thus, microaggressions are not innocent and they are not without consequence to others who are not involved and are innocent bystanders.  Dividing lines and microaggressions are the subtle form that can lead to choices and behaviors that can easily become macro aggressions under the right circumstances. Further incidents by group members would be an indication of further intent (Let's wait and see).

We also can't forget that even though we have laws in place we have not solved bigotry, hate and racism in society. Its only when we look deeper into the problems to uncover latent variables that are just behind the more observable behaviors. The subconscious thinking patterns can lead to all types of other problems such as lack of integration in neighborhoods/business, creating hostile environments, and when widespread setting up different factions and societies; even in the same country.

Observation: Aggressive social groups continue on with subtle rude and social positioning behaviors. 

Observation: Because hate is imbedded in the brain it will adjust forms that create difficult to work in environments that are likely to lead to new conflict.

Observation: Macroaggressions help define group boundaries and encourage social factions.

Sure sure sure....one can live with intentional rudeness and immaturity from time-to-time but why should they have to? Its "In your face" nature is a problem with hate, it impacts social context and association that leads to segregation, different social networks, different business networks, and continuous risks encourage future conflict.  The environment dysfunctional social groups create is designed to socially signal their projected beliefs. You don't need to put on a hood and brandish a weapon to create hostile environments. 

Observation: Once hate and bigotry is embedded into a social group it is difficult to unroot because they are interconnection in interpersonal loyalties and similar mindsets of social consciousness (i.e. sharing a real or mythical enemy/target). 

Observation: Communities struggle with themselves to deal with the deep seated nature of bigotry, racism and bullying. It works a little like a debate where the group beliefs persist and seek to influence others who may or may not agree; an internal community debate.

Thinking about what might help in Michigan I have a few thoughts on the incident that may be useful. First, the laws on hate are too rigid and seem to focus only on high level threats and intimidation. It doesn't grasp how hate works in the brain and how it functions in every day social networks. Forms change but the intent and message don't. Second, hate is embedded into our culture and we will need to go beyond simple legislation and change the very nature by which view natural differences in this country. As long as such behaviors are acceptable, whether locally or national, we are going see these problems rear their head again and again.  As a nation, we will make choices as to whether we will reach our full potential or seek to arrest that development and split.

We can say that these types of actions help define the boundary of the group and their beliefs. While they appear to be somewhat homogenous in certain beliefs there does appear to be some differences that are starting to emerge. Those that are most connected to the core faction seem to be more likely to engage in such behaviors while others have gone another route. While it is easy to get into tit for tat behaviors that escalate that isn't really the point of what is going on here. I want people to truly choose who they are and what they believe without prompt so that these behaviors are truly theirs. Thus, my goal is to continue to be polite and continue to engage and integrate into the community to see what the actions and reactions are (Patience really is a virtue here!). It takes skill and practice to stay patient and be aware of what behaviors belong to you and what belongs to them.

Wong, G., Derthick, A. O., David, E. J., Saw, A., & Okazaki, S. (2014). The What, the Why, and the How: A Review of Racial Microaggressions Research in Psychology. Race and social problems, 6(2), 181–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-013-9107-9